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来源：天天彩票官网网址2024-09-28 17:48

中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******

　　中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。

　　资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者沙晗汀摄

　　由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。

　　麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。

　　一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。

　　此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。

　　作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。

　　美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。

　　这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。

　　从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。

　　两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。

　　House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy

　　(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".

　　The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.

　　Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.

　　On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.

　　On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.

　　Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.

　　As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.

　　But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.

　　CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.

　　This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.

　　Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.

　　From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.

　　Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.

　　The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.

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“空中老虎”白尾海雕在北京平谷金海湖冬捕******

　　被誉为“空中老虎”的国家一级保护动物白尾海雕近日在北京市平谷区金海湖畔捕食。　索丹罗珠　摄

　　中新网北京1月6日电 (马平川)在北京市平谷区金海湖畔，摄影、观鸟爱好者们近日首次观测到了被誉为“空中老虎”的国家一级保护动物——白尾海雕，并且捕捉到两大两小一家四口精彩的捕食的画面。

　　被誉为“空中老虎”的国家一级保护动物白尾海雕近日在北京市平谷区金海湖畔捕食。　索丹罗珠摄

　　“这次发现了四只白尾海雕，两只成年大雕，两只3—4岁的小雕。”野生动物摄影师索丹罗珠告诉记者，白尾海雕捕食会在低空盘旋，发现鱼后缓速下降，接触水面一刹那会迅速将利爪伸入水中抓住猎物。白尾海雕喜欢在近水开阔空旷的草甸、沼泽等环境觅食活动，通常是单只或成对觅食，多只汇聚捕食较为罕见。

　　被誉为“空中老虎”的国家一级保护动物白尾海雕近日在北京市平谷区金海湖畔捕食。　索丹罗珠摄

　　白尾海雕是大型猛禽，因尾羽呈楔形，为纯白色而命名，已被列入《世界自然保护联盟》(IUCN)濒危物种红色名录，属国家一级保护动物，通常活动在海拔高度为2500-5300米的地方。

　　被誉为“空中老虎”的国家一级保护动物白尾海雕近日在北京市平谷区金海湖畔捕食。　索丹罗珠摄

　　白尾海雕对迁徙地有着严格的要求。这次白尾海雕现身平谷区金海湖，且能够集群出现，充分说明近些年当地生态环境的持续向好，也反映出近年来平谷区在加强生态保护、污染治理等方面的措施效果显著。

　　被誉为“空中老虎”的国家一级保护动物白尾海雕近日在北京市平谷区金海湖畔捕食。　索丹罗珠摄

　　白尾海雕出现的平谷金海湖是国家四A级景区，位于北京市平谷区城东18公里处金海湖镇上宅村南，水域面积6.5平方公里。气候宜人，自然生态优越，三面环山、多水汇聚，是一个“望得见山、看得见水”的宜居康养之地。景区西依金海湖大坝，三面环水，三面青山环绕，四面飞檐明柱，有四季分明的湖光山色，有湖光塔、金花公主墓、望海亭、锯齿崖等数十处自然景观、人文景观。2021年，金海湖地区成功举办世界休闲大会。

　　另据了解，在白尾海雕之前，2022年1年中，“水中大熊猫”桃花水母、“鸟中大熊猫”震旦鸦雀等珍稀生物和鸟类相继现身平谷，致使平谷生物多样性不断丰富，生态底色愈发靓丽。

　　野生动物摄影师索丹罗珠冒严寒在北京金海湖畔自制的隐蔽帐篷里“潜伏”拍摄。　本人供图

　　野生动物摄影师索丹罗珠介绍，为了解更多不同鸟类，拍摄到精彩画面，他冒着严寒已经在金海湖畔自制的隐蔽帐篷里“潜伏”了40多天，除了白尾海雕，还拍到了国家一级保护动物黑鹳，国家二级保护动物雕鸮、秋沙鸭、猎隼、游隼、白尾鹞，以及红嘴蓝雀、雀鹰等各种小林鸟。现在一个地区逗留、栖息的国家一级、二级野生保护动物种类和数量多少，正在成为很多人评测这个地区生态价值和重要性的显性衡量指标。白尾海雕族群式出现在金海湖，既证明野生动物正在回归城市，也反映出平谷区作为首都生态涵养区的生态价值正在显现并大幅提升。